Enhanced electron transfer for activation of peroxymonosulfate via MoS2 modified iron-based perovskite

The increasing use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics, which are found in various environmental media, is a constant threat to ecological safety and human health. In this paper, SrFeO3@MoS2 heterogeneous catalyst was prepared to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of levofloxacin (LVO). The characteristics of SrFeO3@MoS2 samples were studied and the optimum conditions for the removal of LVO by SrFeO3@MoS2/PMS system were investigated. The removal of LVO by the SrFeO3@MoS2-0.3/PMS system could reach 96.06% within 20 min of reaction. The effect of inorganic anions (SO42−, Cl−, NO3− and H2PO4−) commonly found in actual water bodies on catalytic reaction was explored. The reusability investigation revealed that the catalyst could still remove 88.06% of LVO within 20 min after four cycles. Moreover, SO4•−, •OH and 1O2 were identified by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) tests and scavenger experiments, where the SO4•− and •OH were dominant reactive species. Combining with the XPS characterisation, the activation mechanism of SrFeO3@MoS2-0.3/PMS was proposed, and the oxygen vacancies and transition metals on the sample surface were active sites of PMS activation. Furthermore, the possible degradation pathways of LVO were well-established based on the detected intermediates.