Facile synthesis of lipase-loaded starch nanoparticles as recyclable biocatalyst in Pickering interfacial systems

To develop recyclable biocatalyst used in Pickering interfacial systems, the pH-responsive monomer [2-(dimethylamine)ethyl methacrylate] (DMAEMA) was grafted onto the maize starch molecule via free radical polymerization . Subsequently, combined with the gelatinization-ethanol precipitation and lipase ( Candida rugosa ) absorption process, an enzyme-loaded starch nanoparticle with DMAEMA grafting (D-SNP@CRL) was tailor-made, showing a nanometer size and regular sphere. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed a concentration-induced enzyme distribution within D-SNP@CRL, thereof the outside-to-inside enzyme distribution was proved to be optimum in achieving the highest catalytic efficiency . Benefited from the tunable wettability and size of D-SNP@CRL under pH variation, the generated Pickering emulsion could be readily applied as the recyclable microreactors for the n-butanol/vinyl acetate transesterification . This catalysis exhibited both highly catalytic activity and good recyclability, making the enzyme-loaded starch particle a promising green and sustainable biocatalyst in the Pickering interfacial system.