Copolymerization Driven Construction of in-Plane Heterostructure for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance: Structure–Activity and Effects of Water Matrices

We prepared in-plane heterostructural photocatalysts of enhanced photocatalytic performance by coplanar grafting nitrogen-doped carbon plane (NDCP) to graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) network. The optimal heterostructural photocatalyst with efficient in-plane built-in electric field achieved 1472.5 μmol g −1  h −1 hydrogen evolution rate, 97.0% removal of Rhodamine B and 91.9% removal of sulfamethoxazole under visible light irradiation. The high photodegradation performance was maintained in water matrices. Graphical abstract