Salt Bridge-intermediated three phase decoupling electrolytes for high voltage electrolytic aqueous Zinc-Manganese dioxides battery

The electrolytic Zn-MnO 2 aqueous battery is an attractive energy storage technology with a high working voltage and energy density for the large-scale application. Here, a three-phase decoupled Zn-MnO 2 electrolytic battery is designed. A salt bridge gel as an intermediate is introduced to separate the catholyte and anolyte in this design. This battery behaves a wide electrochemical stability window and a high discharge voltage of 2.5 V with 95 % capacity retention after 350 cycles. The working mechanism has also been discussed in this study via ex-situ analysis.