Injectable magnetic montmorillonite colloidal gel for the postoperative treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Bioactive materials have been extensively developed for the adjuvant therapy of cancer. However, few materials can meet the requirements for the postoperative resection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to massive bleeding and high recurrence. In particular, combination therapy for HCC has been highly recommended in clinical practice, including surgical resection, interventional therapy, ablation therapy and chemotherapy. Herein, an injectable magnetic colloidal gel (MCG) was developed by controllable electrostatic attraction between clinically available magnetic montmorillonites and amphoteric gelatin nanoparticles. The optimized MCG exhibited an effective magnetic heating effect, remarkable rheological properties, and high gel network stability, realizing the synergistic treatment of postoperative HCC by stimuli-responsive drug delivery, hemostasis and magnetic hyperthermia. Furthermore, a minimal invasive MCG-induced interventional magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) under ultrasound guidance was realized on hepatic tumor rabbits, providing an alternative therapeutics to treat the postoperative recurrence. Overall, MCG is a clinically available injectable formulation for adjuvant therapy after HCC surgical resection.