Metallopolymer Particle Engineering via Etching of Boronate Polymers toward High-Performance Overall Water Splitting Catalysts

Metallopolymers combine the property features of both metallic compounds and organic polymers, representing a typical direction for the design of high-performance hybrid materials. Here, a highly adaptive etching method to create pores and cavities in the metallopolymer particles is established. Starting from boronate polymer (BP) and inorganic@BP core–shell particles, porous, hollow, and yolk–shell metallopolymer particles can be fabricated, respectively. By taking advantage of the easy control over composition and pore/cavity structure, these metallopolymer particles provide a universal platform for the fabrication of nitrogen, boron co-doped carbon nanocomposites loaded with metals (M-NBCs). The as-prepared M-NBCs exhibit remarkable catalytic activities toward oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction. An alkaline overall water splitting cell assembled by using M-NBCs as the anode and cathode can be driven by a single AAA battery. The proposed strategy for the construction of metallopolymer composites may enlighten for the design of complex hybrid nanomaterials.