Novel insight into the resilient drivers of bioaccumulation perchlorate on lipid nutrients alterations in goat milk by spatial multi-omics

The migration of perchlorate into dairy products through water or detergent is becoming increasingly serious. Spatiotemporal profiles of lipid nutrients associated with perchlorate response were investigated by spatial multi-omics of goat milk. In response to perchlorate accumulation, lipoprotein lipase activity was inhibited in glycerolipid metabolism, thereby resulting in the excessive accretion of triglycerides. Goat milk was selected as the test matrix and conducted to simulate the biological cumulation of perchlorate and evaluate effects of different dietary perchlorate levels (0.0–2.0 mg/kg) on nutritional quality of goat milk. Perchlorate altered phospholipase A 2 expression level, affected glycerophospholipid metabolism thus triggered significant changes in phosphatidylcholine (23.35–31.88 μg/mL). Excess triacylglycerol accumulation (3259–6032 μg/mL) caused by perchlorate was due to the inhibition of glycerolipid metabolism mediated by lipoprotein lipase. The study indicated that dietary perchlorate exposure resulted in the decline of nutritional quality in goat milk, which indirectly posed a serious threat to the health of consumers.