Gd, La co-doped CeO2 as an active support for Fe2O3 to enhance hydrogen generation via chemical looping water gas shift

Support materials are indispensable to promote the durability of iron oxides for chemical looping applications. However, the dilution effect of supports on the active phase would lead to decreased bulk oxygen conduction, thus leading to compromised activity. Here, we propose several Gd 3+ , La 3+ and Nd 3+ doped CeO 2 as active supports for iron oxides and investigate the support effect to improve hydrogen generation via chemical looping water gas shift . The characterizations show that the dopants improve the oxygen vacancy concentration in the CeO 2 lattice and Fe 2 O 3 /Ce 0.8 Gd 0.1 La 0.1 O 2-δ exhibits the most oxygen vacancy concentration among all the oxygen carriers. Pulse reactions of oxygen carriers show that an abundance of oxygen vacancy concentration can promote the lattice oxygen transfer in bulk, thus contributing to improved redox reactions . The high oxygen conductivity mitigates the dilution effect on the active phase. Therefore, Fe 2 O 3 /Ce 0.8 Gd 0.1 La 0.1 O 2-δ shows the highest hydrogen yield (∼9.49 mmol −1 .g −1 ) and hydrogen generation rate (∼0.632 mmol.g −1 .min −1 ) with only a slight decrease at 650 °C over 100 cycles. Overall, this work highlights the influence of support properties on the redox reactivity of iron oxides for chemical looping applications.