Mesopore dominated capacitive deionization of N-doped hierarchically porous carbon for water purification

Under the global shortage of freshwater resources, capacitive deionization (CDI) has attracted widespread attention as an efficient and energy-saving water purification technology. Herein, N-doped hierarchically porous carbons (NPCs) with micro- meso -macropore, excellent specific capacitance (194.75 F g −1 ), large specific surface area (1903.0 m 2 g −1 ), high mesoporous content, and fast ion transport capability were prepared by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile using nano-silica and ZnCl 2 as pore-making agents. As CDI electrode materials for desalination and heavy metal adsorption, the optimized NPC-0.75 electrode delivered a maximum electrosorption capacity of 19.61 mg g −1 at the optimum operating parameters (1.2 V, 10 mL min −1 , 500 mg L -1 NaCl) and an excellent regeneration performance after continuous electrosorption-desorption cycles. The structure–activity relationship analysis indicated that the mesopore dominates the CDI performance of NPCs in water. In addition, NPC-0.75 electrode showed a high removal capacity for Cu 2+ (36.3 mg g −1 ), Cd 2+ (30.02 mg g −1 ) and Pb 2+ (21.5 mg g −1 ) in water. This study provides new insight into the design of high-efficiency porous carbons toward the CDI from water.