“Three-in-One” Multi-Level Design of MoS2-Based Anodes for Enhanced Sodium Storage: from Atomic to Macroscopic Level

Constructing sodium-ion battery anodes with efficient ion/electron transport and high cycling stability is significantly promising for applications but still remains challenging. Here, “three-in-one” multi-level design is performed to develop a carbon-coated phosphorous-doped MoS 2 anchored on carbon nanotube paper (P-MoS 2 @C/CNTP). The Na + diffusion and electron transport, as well as the structural stability of the whole anode are simultaneously enhanced through the synergistically optimization of P-MoS 2 @C/CNTP at atomic, nanoscopic, and macroscopic levels. Resulted from the multi-level modification, the synergetic mechanism has been demonstrated by electrochemical measurement and theoretical calculation. As a result, the free-standing P-MoS 2 @C/CNTP anode presents a high rate performance (150 mA h g −1 at 5 A g −1 ) and a long cycling life (1 A g −1 , 1200 cycles, 249 mA h g −1 ). This work provides a new approach to the design and fabrication of high-performance conversion-type electrode materials for rechargeable batteries application.