Porous microplastics enhance polychlorinated biphenyls-induced thyroid disruption in juvenile Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Microplastics and polychlorinated biphenyls are ubiquitous in the marine environments. To illuminate their combined biological impacts, juvenile Japanese flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) were exposed to 500 ng/L PCBs alone or 500 ng/L PCBs plus 2, 20, and 200 μg/L 10-μm porous MPs for 21 days. Compared to PCBs alone, co-exposure to PCBs and 20, 200 μg/L MPs reduced fish body length and body weight, and the concurrence of MPs aggravated PCBs-induced thyroid-disrupting effects, including significantly decreased L-thyroxine and L-triiodothyronine levels, more severe damage to the thyroid tissue and gill morphology, and disturbance on the expression of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis genes. The PCBs concentrations in the seawater were decreased dramatically with the increase of MPs concentrations, confirming that MPs absorbed PCBs from the seawater. Our results demonstrated that MPs enhanced the thyroid disruption of PCBs, suggesting that the risk of MPs and thyroid-disrupting chemicals on marine organisms should be paid more attention.