A bionic cellulose nanofiber-based nanocage wound dressing for NIR-triggered multiple synergistic therapy of tumors and infected wounds

Tumor recurrence and drug-resistant bacterial infection are the main reasons that wounds heal with difficulty after skin tumor treatment. The near infrared- (NIR-) and pH-responsive, bionic , cellulose nanofiber-based (CNF-based) nanocage wound dressing with biocompatibility, bioviscosity, and shape adaptability is designed for dual NIR-triggered photothermal therapy of tumor and infection-induced wound healing. The wound dressing with the intertwining three dimensional (3D) nanocage network structure is skillfully constructed using NIR-responsive cellulose nanofibers and pH-responsive cellulose nanofibers as the skeleton, which endows the dressing with a high drug-loading capacity of doxorubicin (400 mg·g -1 ), and indocyanine green (25 mg·g - 1 ). Moreover, the NIR- and pH-responsive bionic “On/Off” switches of the dressing enable a controllable and efficient drug release onto the wound area. The dual NIR-triggered wound dressing with excellent photothermal conversion performance possesses good antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus , and drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus . It could effectively eliminate bacterial biofilms and kill A375 tumor cells. Interestingly, the bionic wound dressing with shape adaptability could adapt and treat irregular postoperative skin tumor wounds and drug-resistant bacterial infection via the synergistic therapy of photothermal, photodynamic , and chemotherapy, which provides an ideal strategy for clinical intervention.