Removal and recycling of hexavalent chromium from alkaline wastewater via a new ferrite process to produce the valuable chromium ferrite

Current technologies for removal of Cr(VI) are generally fit for acidic wastewater. In this study, a new ferrite process for removal and recycling of Cr(VI) from alkaline wastewater to produce the valuable chromium ferrite has been developed. The results show that this new ferrite method is a one-step process which can be divided into two successive reactions including Cr(VI) reduction to form coprecipitation (Cr 0.25 Fe 0.75 (OH) 3 ) and subsequently magnetic conversion of Cr 0.25 Fe 0.75 (OH) 3 induced by Fe 2+ under the same alkaline condition. The total Fe/Cr mole ratio of 5:1 is at least required for the chromium ferrite transformation. Increasing temperature and pH can enhance the interaction of Fe 2+ with Cr 0.25 Fe 0.75 (OH) 3 and further promote the formation of chromium ferrite, while suppressing the generation of nonmagnetic by-product goethite. Almost pure chromium ferrite is formed under proposed optimum conditions (Fe/Cr = 7:1, 65 °C and pH of 9) with Cr(VI) removal ratio around 100%. The Cr(VI) remained in the filtrate can be reduced to 0.01 mg/L which is much lower than the limits concentration for surface water (≤0.05 mg/L). The chromium ferrite product whose molecular formula can be expressed as Cr 0.5-x Fe 2.5+x O 4 (where 0 ≤ x < 0.5) presents good magnetic properties and has the potential to be recycled as a useful material.