Influences of gamma-ray irradiation on PVDF membrane behavior: An experimental study based on simulation and numerical analysis

This study aims to explore the effects of gamma rays on various properties of poly(1,1-difluoroethylene) (PVDF) membranes under different irradiation conditions. The effects of 60 Co γ-ray irradiation on the hydrophilicity, permeability, and mechanical performances of the PVDF membranes were discussed. Results showed that the size of the radiation dose rate had almost no effect on the performance of the membranes, as determined by the total radiation dose. The fracture and collapse of the PVDF structure under anaerobic conditions were obviously lower than those under aerobic conditions. Advanced characterization methods confirmed that the initial impact of gamma rays on the PVDF membranes occurred between 50 and 200 kGy. When the total dose exceeded 200 kGy, structural collapse and chain scission caused by the oxidative degradation mechanism became widespread, thereby leading to the relaxation of the PVDF network and the decline in properties. This study provides valuable information for the application of PVDF membranes to radioactive wastewater and clarifies the mechanism of membrane irradiation degradation to help prolong the service life of membranes. In addition, low total irradiation dose can embellish polymers and thus provide a feasible method for modifying and grafting polymer membranes in the future.