Dual detection of mercury (II) and lead (II) ions using a facile coumarin-based fluorescent probe via excited state intramolecular proton transfer and photo-induced electron transfer processes

A Schiff base fluorophore coumarin incorporated 4-(diethylamino)salicylaldehyde ( Cou-S ) is designed and synthesized to allow an excited state intramolecular proton transfer and photo-induced electron transfer processes for detecting toxic heavy metal ions of Hg 2+ and Pb 2+ in aqueous samples. The solid blue emission of Cou-S was gradually quenched to weak cyan in Hg 2+ detection and to green channels in the presence of Pb 2+ . The coordination behaviours of the probe with Hg 2+ /Pb 2+ are studied using a series of spectroscopic measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The probe exhibited good water solubility, great selectivity and excellent sensitivity with the LOD values of 8.3 and 10.5 nM for Hg 2+ and Pb 2+ in aqueous medium, respectively. The utility of Cou-S towards dual ions detection was explored in various sources of water samples, Whatmann paper strips, Boolean logic NOR gate operations and PC3 live cells, demonstrating the promising on-site visualization of the probe in controlling the toxicity levels in waste water sources and biosystems.