Rational Design of a Trifunctional Binder for Hard Carbon Anodes Showing High Initial Coulombic Efficiency and Superior Rate Capability for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Hard carbon (HC) has emerged as a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), whereas it suffers from low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and poor rate capability. Binders endowed with high electron/ion transport and strong mechanical integrity are expected to boost the practical application of HC anodes, which cannot be realized via the functional design of commercially available binders. Herein, a trifunctional sodium alginate (SA)/polyethylene oxide (PEO) binder with massive hydrophilic functional groups and abundant Na + is synthesized via a feasible esterification reaction. The binder forms a passivation film on glucose-derived carbon (GC) to suppress the electrolyte decomposition and offer stronger adhesion strength. Furthermore, the sluggish Na + conduction is improved via sufficient ionic transfer channels provided by PEO. Notably, effects of Na + compensation and interfacial ionic transport of Na + -containing binder for HC anodes are revealed. Therefore, the SA/PEO binder for the GC anode delivers a high ICE up to 87% and a high capacity of 270 mA h g −1 at 0.1 A g −1 , both 10% and 80 mA h g −1 higher than that of poly(vinylidene fluoride) binder, respectively. Significantly, this SA/PEO binder can also be applied to coal-based and polymer-based carbon anodes, exhibiting universal applicability.