Highly Efficient Imaging-Guided Photothermal Therapy for Gliomas with MnFe2O4 Nanoparticle Clusters as a One-For-All Theranostic Agent

Imaging-guided therapy is promising to improve glioma treatment in a personalized way. However, it is still challenging to develop appropriate multifunctional materials to overcome the limitations faced by the current all-in-one theranostic agents, such as the heterogeneous formulations, mutual interference of multifunctionality, and complex toxicity studies. Herein, MnFe2O4 nanoparticle clusters, showing satisfactory magnetic resonance/photoacoustic imaging (PAI)-guided photothermal theranostic performance, were developed as a one-for-all gliomas therapeutic agent. The construction of the cluster structure endowed the theranostic agent with high T2-relaxation rate and photothermal conversion efficiency. Low toxicity and stark contrast effects of magnetic resonance/PAI whose advantages are complementary were demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. Ectopic gliomas significantly shrank or disappeared in the mouse models after 16 days of photothermal therapy. This work proposes a feasible strategy to design and promote high-efficiency theranostic agents for practical application.