Degradation of octylphenol polyethoxylates with a long ethoxylate chain using the laccase-mediated systems

Alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEO n ) are the second-largest category of commercial nonionic surfactants, which are difficult to degrade naturally in the environment. This study examined the degradation of octylphenol polyethoxylate (OPEO n ) by laccase and its laccase-mediated systems. The results showed that OPEO n was poorly degraded by laccase alone. 2, 2′-azino-bis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid] (ABTS), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT), and 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) were selected as the redox mediators. Experimental results also indicated that 52.4% of the initial OPEO n amount was degraded by laccase in the presence of TEMPO. The degradation efficiency was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Furthermore, the structural characteristics of the degradation products were measured using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and it could be found that the laccase-TEMPO system could gradually shorten the ethoxylate chain by oxidizing the primary hydroxyl group of OPEO n , thereby degrading the OPEO n of the macromolecule into small molecules. The maximum of the ion peak distributions of OPEO n decreased from n = 8 finally down to 3. The novel enzymatic system introduced by this study will become a promising alternative method for high-efficiency APEO n conversion and had great potential value in wastewater treatment. Graphical abstract