Structural Design for Efficient Perovskite Solar Modules

The fabrication of large area perovskite solar modules (PSMs) is attracting increasing attention. Traditionally, thin film solar modules are prepared by laser-engraving several isolated lines to create a series of subcells. This process inevitably leads to an increase in series resistance when combining the subcells. Herein, a facile structure combining series and parallel cell connections is designed and developed for constructing PSMs. A champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.82% is achieved for perovskite composite modules with a designated area of 21.06 cm 2 . Furthermore, the PSMs can continue to operate even when parts of the device are shaded or broken. Because of the repeated structural arrangement, these modules may be suitable for fabrication on a broader scale for commercial applications.