3D flower-liked Fe3O4/C for highly sensitive magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction of four trace non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

A low cost-effective and simple synthesis method was adopted to acquire three-dimensional flower-like structure Fe 3 O 4 /C that has large specific area, suitable pore structure and sufficient saturation magnetism. The obtained Fe 3 O 4 /C exhibits outstanding preconcentration ability and was applied to extracting non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from complex environmental and biological samples. The parameters of magnetic solid-phase extraction were optimized by univariate and multivariate methods (Box-Behnken design). The high degree of linearity from 2.5 to 1000.0 ng mL −1 (R 2  ≥ 0.9976), the limits of detection from 0.25 to 0.5 ng mL - 1 (S/ N  = 3), and the limits of quantitation from 1.0 to 2.0 ng mL - 1 (S/ N  = 10) were yielded by adopting this novel method after the optimization. Moreover, the recoveries of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs from 89.6 to 107.0% were acquired in spiked plasma, urine and lake samples. In addition, the adsorption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on Fe 3 O 4 /C was explored by adsorption isotherms and kinetic studies. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by Fe 3 O 4 /C was proposed, which was hydrogen bonding and π-π interaction between non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and Fe 3 O 4 /C. Graphical abstract