Ca(OH)2 induced a controlled-release catalytic system for the efficient conversion of high-concentration glucose to lactic acid

The catalytic conversion of carbohydrate to platform chemicals, e.g. lactic acid (LA), is the key to unlock the potential of biomass. In this study, we report that the combination of Ba(OH) 2 and Ca(OH) 2 can efficiently catalyse high-concentration (> 0.5 M) of glucose to relatively high yield of LA (> 40 %) under mild conditions (60 °C). Both glucose conversion and LA yield were sensitive to the pH of the catalytic system. A high loading of Ba(OH) 2 led to a high initial pH of the reaction solution, resulting in serious side reactions. While, a low loading of Ba(OH) 2 led to a quike decrease of OH − and Ba 2+ both of which were continuously consumpted by the formed LA. The combination of Ca(OH) 2 with Ba(OH) 2 could significantly improve LA yield, since Ca(OH) 2 , with limited solubility, could act as a controlled-release catalyst for the real-time supply of OH − and Ca 2+ . OH − was indispensable for glucose isomerization to fructose as well as for fructose retro-aldol reaction to C 3 intermediates. Ca 2+ could combine with LA to form stable calcium lactate, liberating Ba 2+ to catalyse the conversion of C 3 intermediates to LA. Under the preliminary optimized reaction conditions, the yield of LA could be reached to 42.55 % and 38.32 % from 0.5 M and 1 M glucose, respectively. This catalytic system has advantages of mild reaction condition, short reaction time, and capable of conversion of high-concentration substrates, enabling it with a great potential for practical applications.