Efficient catalytic conversion of corn stover to furfural and 5-hydromethylfurfural using glucosamine hydrochloride derived carbon solid acid in Ƴ-valerolactone

A novel solid acid catalyst (SO 3 H-NG-C) was synthesized from biomass-derived glucosamine hydrochloride by carbonization, activation and sulfonation processes. The SO 3 H-NG-C was characterized by SEM, TEM, N 2 adsorption-desorption, elemental analysis, XRD, FTIR, Py-IR and XPS to reveal its physical and chemical properties. The SO 3 H-NG-C was used as a catalyst for converting corn stover into furfural and 5-hydromethylfurfural (5-HMF) via a one-step process. The effects of reaction temperature and time, solvent types, water concentrations, corn stover concentration, catalyst loading and catalyst stability were investigated systematically. 53 % furfural yield and17 % 5-HMF yield were obtained from 200 mg corn stover at 190 °C in 80 min using 100 mg SO 3 H-NG-C in Ƴ-valerolactone (GVL). Moreover, the used catalyst was separated from corn stover residue via sieve, and the catalyst showed reasonable stability for corn stover conversion.