Carbazole-based colorimetric and fluorescent probe for Cu2+ and its utility in bio-imaging and real water samples

A new carbazole functionalized Schiff base CBM was synthesized and characterized. CBM can selectively recognize Cu 2+ via UV–vis and fluorescence signal among common biologically relevant metal ions. When Cu 2+ was added to CBM, there was a significant enhancement at the maximum absorption wavelength of 393 nm and with a distinct blue shift. The maximum emission peak was significantly attenuated by a factor of about 15 times at 535 nm and the blue shift of emission wavelength was observed. When other metal ions were added, there was no remarkable change at the maximum absorption and emission peak. Under the illumination of 365 nm ultraviolet lamp, the color of the CBM solution changed from light blue to dark blue after the addition of Cu 2+ . The combination mechanism of CBM with Cu 2+ was nicely explored by density functional theory studies. The probe CBM has good cell permeability, fluorescence electron microscopy experiments show that CBM can be used as a fluorescent probe to detect the presence or absence of Cu 2+ in Hela cells. Furthermore, the probe CBM can also be used for the detection of copper ions in actual water samples.