Effective extraction and recovery of linarin from Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower using deep eutectic solvents

Conventional approaches for extraction and enrichment of phytochemicals from plant matrix have many drawbacks such as high organic solvent consumption, low extraction yields, time-consuming and large labor for the enrichment process. In the present study, ultrasound-assisted deep eutectic solvents extraction (UAE-DESs) was developed for extraction and determination of the linarin from Chrysanthemum indicum L. flower (CIF). And a feasible strategy was performed to separate and recover the linarin from denatured DESs using AB-8 macroporous resins as adsorbents. Under the optimal extraction conditions, the maximum linarin extraction yield reached 14.23 mg/g with liquid–solid ratio 32 mL/g, extraction power 340 w, extraction time 32 min and deep eutectic solvent of choline chloride-ethylene glycol with the molar ratio 1:2 and water content 30% (v/v) as a extraction system, which was 1.21 times higher than 80% ethanol extraction. After macroporous resins enrichment, the recovery efficiency of linarin reached 81.55%. In addition, the DESs could be regenerated for extraction process, and macroporous resins could be further used for enrichment process with desired performance. This study provided an effective and convenient extraction and recovery method for linarin determination from CIF which was also applicable to other natural plants.