Enhancing electrochemiluminescence of FAPbBr3 nanocrystals by using carbon nanotubes and TiO2 nanoparticles as conductivity and co-reaction accelerator for dopamine determination

Perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are regarded as potential candidates as electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitters due to their excellent photoluminescence ability. Herein, we report the ECL behavior of FAPbBr 3 NCs (FA stands for CH(NH 2 ) 2 ) in the aqueous media. It was shown that the ECL of FAPbBr 3 NCs can be obtained by hole-injection to oxidize their reduced states, with the emission peak centered around 534±1 nm and the full width at half maximum of 31±0.5 nm. The annihilation ECL of FAPbBr 3 NCs was 4.3± 0.4 folds enhanced by adding 8% (w/w) CNTs. In the presence of tripropanolamine (TPrA) as the co-reactant, the anodic ECL intensity of FAPbBr 3 was enhanced by a factor of 29 in compared with its annihilation ECL. The ECL intensity of FAPbBr 3 NCs was enhanced 4.8 and 10.6 folds by using TiO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) as the co-reaction accelerator and CNTs as the conductivity enhancer, respectively. In the mixture of TiO 2 NPs @FAPbBr 3 NCs @CNTs, the enhancement in ECL intensity of FAPbBr 3 NCs by a factor of 21.6 was obtained. The anodic ECL of TiO 2 NP @FAPbBr 3 NCs @CNTs/GCE was applied to determination dopamine in the linear range of 0.01–10 μM, with the detection limit of 2.9 nM.