Magnetic Fe3O4 @ porous activated carbon effervescent tablet-assisted deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in environmental water

A novel approach using magnetic Fe 3 O 4 @ porous activated carbon effervescent tablet-assisted deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (META-DES-DLLME) combined with HPLC was developed for the measurement of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals (bisphenol A, p - tert -octylphenol, nonylphenol) in environmental water. In the proposed method, deep eutectic solvents synthesized by   1-dodecanol and hexyltrimethylammonium bromide were applied as extraction solvent. A magnetic effervescent tablet, containing a foaming agent and a new magnetic material, combined the dispersion of the extraction solvent and the magnetic recovery into one step. The influence of parameters, including the composition and volume of DESs, the type and amount of acid, the amount of sodium bicarbonate, the composition and amount of Fe 3 O 4 @ porous activated carbon, the pH, and the amount of sodium chloride, were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, accuracy and precision were demonstrated over the whole concentration range of 10–1000 μg L -1 . The extraction recovery ranged from 81.0 to 94.7% with a relative standard deviation of 1.2–6.7%, and the LOD and LOQ ranged from 0.82 to 1.7 μg L -1 and 2.7–5.5 μg L -1 , respectively. The method was successfully applied to extract and analyse the phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in environmental water.