2-Ketoglutarate-Generated In Vitro Enzymatic Biosystem Facilitates Fe(II)/2-Ketoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase-Mediated C–H Bond Oxidation for (2s,3r,4s)-4-Hydroxyisoleucine Synthesis

Fe(II)/2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (Fe(II)/2-KG DO)-mediated hydroxylation is a critical type of C–H bond functionalization for synthesizing hydroxy amino acids used as pharmaceutical raw materials and precursors. However, DO activity requires 2-ketoglutarate (2-KG), lack of which reduces the efficiency of Fe(II)/2-KG DO-mediated hydroxylation. Here, we conducted multi-enzymatic syntheses of hydroxy amino acids. Using (2s,3r,4s)-4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HIL) as a model product, we coupled regio- and stereo-selective hydroxylation ofl-Ile by the dioxygenase IDO with 2-KG generation from readily availablel-Glu byl-glutamate oxidase (LGOX) and catalase (CAT). In the one-pot system, H2O2significantly inhibited IDO activity and elevated Fe2+concentrations of severely repressed LGOX. A sequential cascade reaction was preferable to a single-step process as CAT in the former system hydrolyzed H2O2. We obtained 465 mM 4-HIL at 93% yield in the two-step system. Moreover, this process facilitated C–H hydroxylation of several hydrophobic aliphatic amino acids to produce hydroxy amino acids, and C–H sulfoxidation of sulfur-containingl-amino acids to yieldl-amino acid sulfoxides. Thus, we constructed an efficient cascade reaction to produce 4-HIL by providing prerequisite 2-KG from cheap and plentifull-Glu and developed a strategy for creating enzymatic systems catalyzing 2-KG-dependent reactions in sustainable bioprocesses that synthesize other functional compounds.Keywords:Fe(II)/2-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase;2-ketoglutarate generation;regio- and stereo-selective synthesis;hydroxy amino acids;sequential cascade reaction