Improved performance of thin-film composite membrane supported by aligned nanofibers substrate with slit-shape pores for forward osmosis

Substrate construction is considered as the most effective approach to alleviate the internal concentration polarization (ICP) effect, and therefore achieves the excellent performance of resultant thin-film composite (TFC) membrane in forward osmosis (FO) process. In this work, a well-aligned nanofiber substrate was prepared and employed for constructing the high-performance TFC-FO membrane for the first time. The physicochemical properties of the substrate, the micro-structure of polyamide layer and the separation performance of resultant TFC-FO membranes were systematically investigated. Taking advantages of the larger pore size and the better pore interconnectivity of the well-aligned nanofiber substrate, the resultant TFC-FO membrane achieves the best water fluxes of 50.7 and 62.9 LMH, accompanied with the ultralow reverse salt flux in FO and PRO modes, using deionized water feed solution and 1 M NaCl aqueous draw solution. This work may provide a new orientation in developing high-performance TFC membranes.