Improved permeability and antifouling properties of polyvinyl chloride ultrafiltration membrane via blending sulfonated polysulfone

To improve the permeability and antifouling properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane, amphiphilic sulfonated polysulfone (SPSF) was introduced into PVC matrix. Three types of PVC/SPSF blend membranes containing different SPSF with the sulfonation degree (SD) of 20%, 30%, and 50% were fabricated by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) process. The excellent compatibility between PVC and SPSF was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Surface chemical compositions , morphology, roughness, charge, hydrophilicity , permeability and antifouling properties of the pristine PVC membrane and the PVC/SPSF blend membranes were systematically compared and characterized. Due to the improved hydrophilicity and endowed negative charge, the blend membrane showed high water permeability (i.e. 880 L m −2 h −1 bar −1 ), high bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection (i.e. 95.7%), and high flux recovery ratio (i.e. 96%), which outperformed ever reported and commercialized PVC membranes. Furthermore, the permeability and rejection properties of PVC/SPSF UF membranes were maintained after soaking in acidic and alkaline solutions for 30 days, indicating their outstanding acid and alkali tolerance. Therefore, SPSF was expected as a potential versatile modifier for fabricating high performance UF membranes.