Green preparation of lipase@Ca3(PO4)2 hybrid nanoflowers using bone waste from food production for efficient synthesis of clindamycin palmitate

To prepare enzyme@Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 for environmentally friendly biocatalysis, Ca 2+ and (PO 4 ) 3− were extracted from bone waste by acidification. In the nearly neutralized filtrate, the Ca 2+ and (PO 4 ) 3− formed a Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 sediment that crystallized on a template of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase (TLL) at 4   ℃ for 24   h, producing enzyme@Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 -Bone hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs). Clindamycin palmitate was efficiently synthesized by transfer of a palmityl moiety from vinyl palmitate to clindamycin free base using these hNFs as a biocatalyst. At 30   ℃ in petroleum ether (PE) as the solvent, the yield of the TLL hNF-catalyzed reaction was as high as 70.0%. Even at a high temperature (80   ℃), the yield in the hNF-catalyzed reaction was still 52.6%, but no product was detected when using free lipase as the catalyst. Moreover, the hNFs retained 90% of their initial activity after 10 cycles (120   h, 12   h per cycle). This green and sustainable method that utilizes bone waste from food production as the raw source of the inorganic component was facile and efficient, and the system may also be applicable for preparing other enzyme@Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 hNFs for industrial applications.