Influence of okara with varying particle sizes on the gelling, rheological, and microstructural properties of glucono-δ-lactone-induced tofu

Influence of lyophilized okara with varying particle sizes (250–380, 150–180, 120–150, and < 75 μm) on the quality of glucono-δ-lactone-induced tofu was investigated. Adding okara significantly ( p  < 0.05) improved the yield, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, and nutritional value of the conventional tofu. The gel strength and sensory score of the okara-added tofu (OAT) increased with the decreasing of the particle size of okara, and these quality attributes of the OAT were better than those of the conventional tofu, except for the OAT with 250–380 μm okara. The microstructural profile of the OAT with reduced okara particle size was similar to that of the conventional tofu. Theoretically, the addition of okara mainly impacted the interactions among denatured proteins via disulfide bonding and hydrophobic interactions and the sizes of insoluble solid and oil droplet in soymilk, thereby affecting the formation of the gel network and finally the edible quality of tofu. In conclusion, the addition of okara with appropriate particle sizes can remarkably improve the processing quality and nutritional value of tofu, which is beneficial to the reasonable exploration of okara for the producers of soybean products.