Silver Nanoparticles Ecofriendly Synthesized by Achyranthes aspera and Scoparia dulcis Leaf Broth as an Effective Fungicide

This study describes an inexpensive, simple and green method to form silver nanoparticles from different leaf extracts ofAchyranthes asperaandScoparia dulcisplants. The silver nitrate is reduced byAchyranthes asperaandScoparia dulcisleaf extracts respectively to generate two silver nanoparticle types symbolized as AA.AgNPs and SD.AgNPs. The optical absorption, size and morphology of silver nanoparticles are significantly impacted by extract types. The ultraviolet visible spectrum of AA.AgNPs shows a 433-nm peak being more broadened than that of SD.AgNPs. The Fourier infrared transform spectra of two of these silver nanoparticles revealed that their surface is modified by organic constituents from extracts, and thus they are stabilized in solution without any additional reaction. Images from transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscope indicate that AA.AgNPs are in clusters with the size of 8–52 nm almost possessing oval shape, while SD.AgNPs are smaller size of 5-45 nm separated well in diversified shapes (spherical, triangle, quadrilateral and hexagonal). Moreover, both AA.AgNPs and SD.AgNPs exhibit the highly antifungal effect againstAspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavusand the most strong impact onFusarium oxysporum.For these obtained results, two new silver nanoparticles are promising fungicides for various applications of medical and agricultural fields.Keywords:silver nanoparticle;fungicide;plant extract;Achyranthes aspera;Scoparia dulcis