A novel fluorescent nitrogen, phosphorus-doped carbon dots derived from Ganoderma Lucidum for bioimaging and high selective two nitrophenols detection

The highly fluorescent nitrogen, phosphorus carbon dots ( Gl N,P-CDs) and G l CDs deriving from Ganoderma Lucidum were successfully prepared by a simple hydrothermal method . The Gl N,P-CDs exhibited low biotoxicity and good biocompatibility by cell imaging , onion skin staining and in vivo bioimaging . In addition, Gl N,P-CDs and G l CDs showed high selectivity and sensitivity in detecting 2,4-dinitrophenol (2,4-DNP) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP). Good linear range 0–37.5 μM (R 2  = 0.9923) and 0–50 μM (R 2  = 0.9944) for Gl CDs, and 0–30 μM (R 2  = 0.9914) and 0–30 μM (R 2  = 0.9976) for Gl N,P-CDs were obtained, and the low detection limits were 89.77 nM, 100.27 nM ( Gl CDs) and 73.03 nM, 68.09 nM ( Gl  N,P-CDs) for 2,4-DNP and 4-NP, respectively. It revealed that the inner filter effect dominated in quenching of the Gl CDs and Gl N,P-CDs fluorescent by 2,4-DNP and 4-NP. The Gl N,P-CDs was successfully used to detect 2,4-DNP and 4-NP in real water and soil samples. It provided a new insight on the bioimaging application and environmental pollutants detection.