Fluorescent assay based on phenyl-modified g-C3N4 nanosheets for determination of thiram

Phenyl-modified graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (Ph- g -C 3 N 4 NSs) were synthesized by a thermal copolymerization and ultrasonic exfoliation method. The Ph- g -C 3 N 4 NSs are used as a fluorescent assay for determination of thiram. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, 13 C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectra confirm that phenyl group is integrated into the heptazine network of g -C 3 N 4 . Compared to the g -C 3 N 4 NSs, the Ph- g -C 3 N 4 NSs show bigger stokes shift about 185 nm and higher fluorescence intensity. The fluorescence of Ph- g -C 3 N 4 NSs is quenched by Cu 2+ via the photo-induced electron transfer mechanism, which then recovers in the presence of thiram. The fluorescence restoring of Ph- g -C 3 N 4 NSs is correlated with the concentration of thiram. Under the optimized conditions, the fluorescent intensity of g -C 3 N 4 NSs at excitation/emission wavelengths of 310/455 nm give a linear range of 33.0–670 nM with detection limit of 9.90 nM. While fluorescent assay based on the Ph- g -C 3 N 4 NSs show the linear range of 6.70–1300 nM at excitation/emission wavelengths of 310/495 nm with detection limit of 2.01 nM. Schematic representation of fluorescent “on-off-on” assay based on phenyl-modified graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (Ph- g -C 3 N 4 NSs) for determination of thiram.