Fe3O4 nanoparticles coated with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes and β-cyclodextrin for magnetic solid-phase extraction of carbaryl and carbofuran

In this study, porous sandwich structure Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles coated by polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes and β-cyclodextrin were prepared by surface polymerization and were used as the magnetic solid phase extraction adsorbent for the extraction and determination of carbaryl and carbofuran. The Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles coated with polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes and β-cyclodextrin were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry, and scanning electron microscopy. After optimizing the extraction conditions, a method that combined magnetic solid phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography was developed for the determination of carbaryl and carbofuran in apple. The method exhibited a good linearity in the range of 2–400 μg/kg for carbaryl and carbofuran ( R 2 = 0.9995), respectively. The limits of detection were 0.5 μg/kg of carbaryl and 0.7 μg/kg for carbofuran in apple, respectively. Extraction recoveries ranged from 94.2 to 103.1% with the preconcentration factor of 300 and the relative standard deviations were less than 5.9%. These results indicated that the method combined magnetic solid phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography and was promising for the determination of carbaryl and carbofuran at trace amounts.