Highly flame retardant zeolitic imidazole framework-8@cellulose composite aerogels as absorption materials for organic pollutants

In the current study, Zeolitic Imidazole Framework-8 (ZIF-8) was in situ grown on the surface of cellulose fibers and the ZIF-8@cellulose composite aerogels were fabricated by a freeze-drying method. The flame-retardant, thermal and mechanical characteristics of the cellulose-based aerogels were investigated. SEM images indicated that ZIF-8 was evenly deposited on the surface of the cellulose fibers in the aerogel owing to formation of hydrogen bonding with cellulose molecules. The addition of ZIF-8 enhanced thermal stability and flame retardancy of the host cellulose aerogel. The peak of heat release rate of the ZIF-8@cellulose-3 composite aerogel exhibited a drastic decline from 128 W g −1 to 63 W g −1 and the total heat release from 25.9 kJ g −1 to 14.8 kJ g −1 . In the UL-94 vertical burning test, the samples showed self-extinguishing behavior. Additionally, ZIF-8 induced a dramatic enhancement in the mechanical properties of the host cellulose. Specifically, the compressive stress of the ZIF-8@cellulose composite aerogel showed a significant increase from 0.45 to 34.80 MPa. Moreover, the ZIF-8@cellulose composite aerogel can selectively remove the organic pollutants from water and adsorb a wide range of liquid oils with considerable capacities. The current study presented a feasible approach to synthesis of strong and flame-retardant cellulose-based aerogels for waste water purification.