A colorimetric detection of microRNA-148a in gastric cancer by gold nanoparticle–RNA conjugates

For the early diagnosis of gastric cancer, microRNA-148a (miRNA-148a) as a promising biomarker is measured by a simple colorimetric biosensor due to its unique surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). In the assay system, the sensing probes are facilitated by the conjugation of AuNPs with RNA probes (RNAP) via Au–S bonds, which align in a tail-to-tail fashion onto the target RNA. When miRNA-148a is introduced, a sandwich hybridization reaction is triggered between the AuNP–RNAP conjugates and targets, resulting in changes in the SPR absorption band, microscopic distribution and macroscopic color of the AuNP solution. Following this principle, this colorimetric method is able to quantitatively detect miRNA-148a at nanomolar level with a limit of ∼1.9 nM, and exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity by a low-cost UV–vis spectrometer or even the naked eye. Moreover, the AuNP network materials with a characteristic sharp 'melting transition' provide significant guidance for the reusability of DNA or RNA biosensors.