Preparation and in vitro evaluation of multi-target-directed selenium-chondroitin sulfate nanoparticles in protecting against the Alzheimer's disease

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the effect of selenium-chondroitin sulfate nanoparticles ( [email protected] ) on multi-target-directed therapy for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). [email protected] nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, and their therapeutic effects were studied in in vitro AD models. [email protected] effectively inhibited amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation and protected SH-SY5Y cells from Aβ 1–42 -induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, [email protected] significantly decreased okadaic acid-induced actin cytoskeleton instability in SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, [email protected] decreased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increased the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). The Western blot results indicated that [email protected] attenuated the hyperphosphorylation of tau (Ser396/Ser404) by regulating the expression of GSK-3β. In summary, this study demonstrated that [email protected] could inhibit the aggregation of Aβ, reduce damage to the cytoskeleton, mitigate oxidative stress and attenuate the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. [email protected] might be a potent multi-functional agent for the treatment of AD and thus warrants further research and evaluation.