Heteroatom-doped porous carbons from sucrose and phytic acid for adsorptive desulfurization and sulfamethoxazole removal: A comparison between aqueous and non-aqueous adsorption

Sucrose and phytic acid as abundant biomass resources have been combined for the fabrication of highly porous carbons with surface areas up to 1897 m 2 /g through hydrothermal carbonization and phytic acid-induced in-situ activation in the absence of additional activation agents. The carbons were employed as efficient adsorbents for the adsorptive removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) from water and the adsorption of dibenzothiophene (DBT) from model fuels. Kinetic and isotherm studies were performed for both processes. The effect of pH and ionic strength on SMX adsorption as well as the effect of arene on DBT adsorption was also investigated. By comparing the two adsorption processes , it was found that heteroatom doping could promote DBT adsorption obviously, but its effect on SMX adsorption was less straightforward. This was mainly attributed to the divergent solution media and thus the different adsorption mechanisms between aqueous and non-aqueous adsorption processes.