Temperature-induced double P-E loops and improved energy storage performances of BaTiO3-based ceramics sintered at lower temperature

In the current investigation, the CuO modified BaTiO 3 ceramics were prepared through the conventional electroceramic processing. XRD, XPS, and SEM have been employed to characterize the phases, valences of ions and the microstructures. The sintering behaviors of the prepared samples were performed using a dilatometer, and ceramics could be fabricated at lower temperature. The electric field and temperature dependent energy storage performance have been studied. The introducing of CuO is very effective to improve the energy storage density and the efficiency due to the formed double P-E loops. 0.5 wt.% CuO modified ceramic exhibited an energy density of 0.52 J/cm 3 , which is nearly twice of pure BaTiO 3 ceramic. The J-E loops of CuO modified samples indicated double domain switches, consistent with the double P-E loops.