Degradation of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in erythromycin fermentation residues using radiation coupled with peroxymonosulfate oxidation

Ionizing radiation coupled with peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidation was developed to degrade antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from the erythromycin fermentation (EryF) residual wastes. The experimental results showed that the ERY content and ARGs abundance decreased with increase of the absorbed dose and PMS dosage and gamma irradiation was more effective to abate ARGs from the EryF wastes. The removal efficiency of ERY reached 49–55% and more than 96–99% of ARGs (1.32–2.55 log) was eliminated with the absorbed dose of 25–50 kGy and PMS dosage of 50–100 mM. Illumina pyrosequencing revealed that 3 bacterial phyla, Proteobacteria , Firmicutes and Fusobacteria were highly enriched and the ARGs-linked hosts were affiliated to the genera Aeromonas , Enterobacteriaceae and Enterobacter in the phylum Proteobacteria. The abundance of the ARGs-linked bacteria decreased by gamma/PMS treatment. Ionizing radiation/PMS treatment with the doses of 25 kGy and 50 mM PMS is proposed for potential practical application.