Solubility Determination, Modeling, and Thermodynamic Dissolution Properties of Benzenesulfonamide in 16 Neat Solvents from 273.15 to 324.45 K

Benzenesulfonamide (BSA) is known as an important chemical material and intermediate in chemical industry. Information concerning solid–liquid equilibrium of BSA in different solvents is essential for the development of its separation and reaction process. In this work, the equilibrium solubility of BSA in 16 neat solvents, namely, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, n-pentanol, isopentanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, methyl acetate, ethyl formate, and dichloromethane was determined by a static gravimetric method within the temperature range of 273.15–324.45 K under atmospheric pressure. The solubility of BSA increases with the rising temperature in all selected solvents. The obtained solubility was mathematically represented by using the Apelblat model, λh equation, nonrandom two-liquid (NRTL) equation, and the Wilson equation in order to correlate the experimental data with the adjustable parameters. The dissolution properties of BSA, including Gibbs energy (ΔdisG), molar enthalpy (ΔdisH), and molar entropy (ΔdisS) were determined according to the Wilson model and the solubility data. Positive values of the dissolution enthalpy and entropy illustrated that the dissolution processes of BSA in these solvents are endothermic and entropy-driven.