Determination of cholic acid in body fluids by β‑cyclodextrin-modified N-doped carbon dot fluorescent probes

An easy, dependable, and sensitive cholic acid activity experiment was designed based on β‑cyclodextrin-modified carbon dot (β‑CD-CD) nanoprobes with specific host–guest recognizing ability and photoelectron transfer capability. The β‑CD-CD nanoprobes were characterized by infrared, ultraviolet-visible, and fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy . The fluorescence of the probes under optimized conditions linearly responded to cholic acid concentration from 0 to 650 μmol·L −1 with a detection limit of 25 nmol·L −1 . The probes also performed well in detecting cholic acid in serum and urine samples with an average recovery rate of 97.1%–103.4%. Thus, this study provides a reliable, rapid, and easy method of cholic acid detection in body fluids that can be potentially applied in medical studies.