Construction of polyaniline aligned on magnetic functionalized biomass carbon giving excellent microwave absorption properties

A novel ternary nanocomposite of Fe 3 O 4 functionalized porous biomass carbon decorated by aligned polyaniline (A-PANI/Fe 3 O 4 /PBC) was successfully fabricated by hydrothermal and in situ oxidative polymerization. The morphology and structure of the composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microcopy, transmission electron microscopy , X-ray photoelectron spectra and vibrating sample magnetometer . The microwave absorbing properties of A-PANI/Fe 3 O 4 /PBC composite were investigated in the frequency of 2–18 GHz. The results indicated that the A-PANI/Fe 3 O 4 /PBC composite possess excellent microwave absorbing performance, and the minimum reflection loss can be up to −44.8 dB at 10.67 GHz, effective absorbing bandwidth ( RL  < −10 dB) reaches 4.69 GHz with a thickness of 2.7 mm. The excellent microwave absorbing performance of composite was mainly related to the multi-loss mechanisms, good impedance matching, synergistic and geometrical effect of porous biomass carbon, magnetic particles and aligned PANI.