Coated direct inlet probe coupled with atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization and high-resolution mass spectrometry for fast quantitation of target analytes

The coated direct inlet probe (CDIP) is a new laboratory-made low-cost technology developed from a direct inlet probe (DIP), which has the advantage of quick enrichment/cleanup of an analyte from liquid samples. A capillary probe is coated with hydroxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (OH-PDMS), divinylbenzene (DVB), and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) by a sol-gel method. This probe can be directly coupled with a commercialized atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI) ion source and high-resolution mass spectrometry, which are widely applicable, reliable, and durable. The ability to perform quantitative analyses with the use of a stable-isotope-labeled internal standard (SIL-IS) was tested by using different concentrations of acenaphthylene (ACY), acenaphthene (ACP), fluorene (FLR), fluoranthene (FLT), phenanthrene (PHE), and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). Calibration curves with a coefficient of determination of R 2 ≥ 0.9982 for different polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were obtained. A limit of detection (LOD) of 0.008–0.04 ng mL −1 for PAHs was determined. The entire workflow is solvent-free and can be completed in less than 5 min, which demonstrates the advantages of this technique for quantitative analysis.