Silver nanoflowers-enhanced Tb(III)/La(III) co-luminescence for the sensitive detection of dopamine

A sensitive fluorescent analytical method for the detection of dopamine (DA) was developed based on surface-enhanced Tb(III)/La(III) co-luminescence using silver nanoflowers (AgNFs). Anisotropic AgNFs show strong surface-enhanced fluorescence effect owing to the abundant sharp tips. Tb(III)/La(III)-DA complexes mainly bind to the sharp tips of AgNFs and thus shorten the distance between the complexes. The shortened distance gives rise to obvious surface-enhanced Tb(III)/La(III) co-luminescence effect. In this work, AgNFs offer many superior properties, such as enhanced intrinsic green fluorescence of Tb(III) ( λ ex / λ em  = 310/546 nm), increased fluorescence lifetime, and improved energy transfer efficiency. Under the optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity is linearly correlated with the concentration of DA in the range of 0.80–10 nM ( R 2  = 0.9970), and the detection limit is 0.34 nM ( S/N  = 3). The fluorescent nanoprobe was successfully applied to the determination of DA in human serum samples with recoveries ranging from 99.1 to 102.6%. Graphical abstract