Three-Dimensional Structures of Nanoporous NiO/ZnO Nanoarray Films for Enhanced Electrochromic Performance

Graphical Mind the gap ! An electrochromic device with a nanoporous NiO/ZnO nanoarray working electrode was constructed and assembled (see figure). The nanoporous NiO/ZnO nanoarray film was prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate through a two-step route that combined chemical bath deposition and hydrothermal methods. The nanoporous NiO/ZnO nanoarray electrode has an improved electrochromism compared with that of nanoporous NiO alone as a result of the 3D structure. An electrochromic device with the as-obtained nanoporous NiO /ZnO nanoarray as a working electrode was constructed and assembled. The nanoporous NiO/ZnO nanoarray film with a three-dimensional structure was prepared on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate through a two-step route that combined chemical bath deposition method with a hydrothermal method. The nanoporous NiO/ZnO nanoarray electrode reveals a noticeable improvement in electrochromism compared with that of nanoporous NiO alone, including higher optical modulation (81 %), higher coloration efficiency (78.5 cm 2 C −1 ), faster response times (2.6 and 9.7 s for coloring and bleaching, respectively), and favorable durability performance. Such enhancements are mainly attributed to the three-dimensional structures of nanoporous NiO coated on ZnO nanoarray, namely, 1) the uniform hexagonal ZnO nanoarray loads more nanoporous NiO, 2) nanoporous NiO cross-linked with ZnO nanorods provides a loose interspace morphology, 3) stronger adhesion between ZnO nanorods and ITO covered with ZnO seed, 4) core–shell and cross-linked structures promote electrolyte infiltration, and 5) appropriate band gaps improve charge transfer.