Bioinspired tumor-homing nanosystem for precise cancer therapy via reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages

Rational design of smart nanosystems with high biological safety is a critical milestone for realizing precise imaging-guided cancer theranostics. Herein, a bioinspired nanosystem was designed by camouflaging SPIO@DOX-ICG nanoparticles with cancer cell membrane (CCM) to realize precise cancer treatment through simultaneous chemotherapy, hyperthermia-therapy, and radiotherapy. CCM surface decoration preserves the cancer adhesion molecules and surface antigens in the nanosystem, endowing the nanosystem with tumor-homing ability and high biocompatibility. Guided by dual-modal imaging, the nanosystem specifically accumulated in the tumor region and achieved synergistic anticancer effects after combined treatment, without causing toxic side effects in major organs. Interestingly, the combined treatment also antagonized tumor hypoxia and reprogrammed the polarization of tumor associated macrophages to the antitumor M1 phenotype. Taken together, this study offers a smart strategy for designing a bioinspired tumor-homing nanosystem for precise cancer therapy.