A sensitive SPR biosensor based on hollow gold nanospheres and improved sandwich assay with PDA-Ag@Fe3O4/rGO

A novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on hollow gold nanospheres (HGNPs) and an improved sandwich assay was developed to detect rabbit IgG. The electromagnetic coupling between the HGNPs and Au film, and the notable plasmonic fields spread over the inner and outer surfaces of HGNPs, led to the considerable amplification of the SPR signal. [email protected] 3 O 4 /reduced graphene oxide ( [email protected] 3 O 4 /rGO) was introduced to bind detection antibody (Ab 2 ) to form the improved sandwich structure. Ag nanoparticles were excited to produce SPR and their hot electrons were doped on graphene thin films, which amplified the response of biomolecules. Magnetic nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 ) simplified the collection of Ab 2 [email protected] 3 O 4 /rGO. An external layer of polydopamine (PDA) permitted the efficient immobilization of Ab 2 without activation via abundant functional groups and protected the nanoparticles from etching or agglomeration. In addition, because of its large mass, Ab 2 [email protected] 3 O 4 /rGO also played a key role in the further amplification of the SPR response signals. This novel SPR biosensor exhibited an effective response to the rabbit IgG at the different concentrations ranging from 0.019 to 40.00   μg   mL −1 . This value is 132 times lower than that observed for a traditional SPR biosensor based on Au-3-mercaptopropionic acid and 8 times lower than that obtained from an Ab 2 sandwich assay, which indicates that the SPR sensor has high sensitivity. In addition, the designed biosensor showed satisfactory recoveries to detect the rabbit IgG spiked in serum samples. Therefore, the novel SPR biosensor with high sensitivity and acceptable recovery has potential for practical applications.