Synthesis and Characterization of Saturated Cardanol Sulfonate Salt Gemini Surfactant

The synthesis, structural analysis and properties of saturated cardanol sulfonate salt Gemini surfactant (Gemini-SCSS) were described and compared with saturated cardanol sulfonate salt (SCSS). The structure was characterized by infrared spectra and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. Gemini-SCSS reduced the surface tension of water to a minimum value of approximately 35 – 37 mN m −1 with concentrations of (0.9 − 2.0) × 10 −4 mol L −1 and displayed low foamability and high emulsification, which were better than those of SCSS. Finally, Gemini-SCSS and SCSS both demonstrated good resistance to acid, alkali, hard water.